Hello, this is Dr. Bill. Welcome back. When it comes to website design and maintenance, one of the most important things that you will need to learn is how how to perform task automation. Task automation can be accomplished using a scripting environment like PowerShell or even a programing language like Visual Basic. To really make task automation powerful, it needs to be recursive. This means the code can call itself. In other words, it recursively look through folders, and sub-folders within those folders, and sub-folders within those sub-folders, and so on. To illustrate task automation, we will start with a couple PowerShell examples and then look at an example using VBA.